Browse internet faster and save power using a smart HOSTS file

Internet is full of flash ads nowadays that make page load slower, render slower and consumes more CPU, thus power. If you can browse without having any flash ads or in fact any ads loaded and without any of the tracking scripts – you can browse much faster, scroll through pages much smoother and have more hours from your battery. Nowadays, most websites use scripts from various analytics sites that track your browsing habit, use IFRAME to load tracking and social networking widgets. All of these add considerable delay to page loading and make browser consume more CPU and bandwidth. If you can turn all of them off, browsing internet feels a lot smoother, faster and you get more work hours while running on battery.

Moreover, you don’t get distracted by the flashy ads and save your children and young family members from looking at foul things.

If we could get 10% of the total internet users (2bn as of Jan 2011) to save 10% CPU, power and bandwidth while browsing everyday, we could save mega watts of power everyday throughout the world!

Using this solution, you can prevent ads and tracking scripts, prevent malicious and porn websites.

How bad is it?

Let’s take an example on a popular website. The red boxes are Flash Ads (read power suckers).

image

Once we disable all ads and tracking scripts, here’s how it looks:

image

Statistics:

  Before After
Total Requests 111 100
Total Download Size 1.2 MB 0.98 MB
Page load time 4.34s 3.64

 

Not just during page loading, while you are on the page, doing nothing, just reading, browser continuously consumes CPU.

Before:

image

After:

image

Before disabling the ads and tracking scripts, CPU is always around 20-25%. After disabling it is around 8-10%. The more CPU works, the more power it consumes. If you are running on battery, you can get at least 20% more time from your battery. If you have many tabs open all the time, you can save more.

Here’s how to save CPU, bandwidth and power

Go to this website and download the HOSTS file:

http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm

Follow the instruction to put the HOSTS file in your C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc folder.

Now go to Start Menu, type Notepad but do not hit enter. Right click on Notepad and select Run As Administrator.

image

Go to File menu and click Open.

Copy and paste this into the File Name and click OK.

c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\HOSTS

image

Now go to Edit menu and select Replace. Put 127.0.0.1 in Find box and put 255.255.255.0 in Replace box. Click Replace All.

image

Once done, you need to type back 127.0.0.1 for the first entry localhost.

image

Remember, localhost cannot be 255.255.255.0.

When you have done this correctly, it will look like this.

image

Save the file and exit Notepad.

Then go to Start menu and type: services.msc

From the service list, double click on “DNS Client”.

image

First click “Stop” to stop the service.

Then from the Startup Type dropdown, select Disabled.

Click OK.

image

Close all your browsers and reopen them. I highly recommend restarting your PC.

You are ready to browse faster, smarter, cheaper! 

I also highly recommend everyone to use OpenDNS. You can save yourself from getting into malicious sites and being ripped off your bank balance, property, spouse and children. Just go to www.opendns.com and follow the instruction. It is the best thing happened on the internet after Wikipedia!

How does the HOSTS file trick work?

Here’s how internet works. You type www.something.com and it goes and finds out what is the IP address for this domain. First Windows checks a file called HOSTS. If it is not defined there, it will ask the DNS Server configured for your network to give it the IP for the domain so that it can connect to the webserver. If you put fake IP in HOSTS file, Windows will hand over fake IP to the browser and browser will connect to the fake IP. Thus by putting an invalid IP, we prevent browser or any application running on your PC from reaching the ads, tracker, malicious and porn websites.

Don’t forget to share this with your friends and families!

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Get Dropthings license by donating to charity

Now you no longer pay me for Dropthings license instead you donate the money to a charity and I will give you the license. In case you don’t know what Dropthings is, it is a Web 2.0 Personalizable Dashboard framework that you can use to build Web 2.0 personalizable websites and enterprise dashboards. It is built using ASP.NET AJAX, jQuery, Silverlight, .NET 3.5, Entity Framework, SQL Server. It is in use in big companies like BT, Intel, Microsoft, Thomson Reuters; many government organizations like State Police, Canada Border Protection etc. Since it is a state of the art .NET 3.5 codebase, it is sometimes used as a starting point for an application with all the best practices already in place in order to build an N-tier web app using popular technologies, design patterns and testing methods. Dropthings helps you build web app utilizing extensive performance and scalability research that I have done to scale websites to millions of users. It also helps you build a codebase that is highly testable. It shows you how to test AJAX applications using automated test tools like WatiN. It has a business layer and a data access layer that is fully unit testable, nearly 100% test coverage and uses Inversion of Control pattern to the fullest.

You can find details about the Project here: http://code.google.com/p/dropthings/

There are two codeproject articles that show you how it was built, tested, deployed and the production challenges I had to overcome scaling this to millions of requests per day:

Build Google IG like Portal in 7 days

Web 2.0 AJAX Portal using jQuery, ASP.NET 3.5, Silverlight, Linq to SQL, WF and Unity

Finally, there’s a book on it, that takes you from the initial idea to design, coding, testing, all the way to purchasing right production hardware, deployment and production troubleshooting. It is a complete end-to-end guide for a developer/startup CTO to take an idea from design to VC funded successful startup used by millions. I have captured many experiences I have learnt from my startup years at Pageflakes that I co-founded and was the founding CTO.

Building a Web 2.0 Portal with ASP.NET 3.5 from O‘Reilly.

Let’s build great web apps and save the world at the same time!

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MVP Open Day 2011 at Cambridge

Microsoft Research arranged MVP Open Day 2011 at Cambridge on Oct 14, 2011. Beautiful university, made me feel like giving up my job and going back to study. Amazing research work going there, highly thought provoking. The session on DNA programming was out of the world. The most surprising thing I learnt that a 10cm long DNA strand can hold 10TB worth digitally encoded data and cells are thousand times more robust computing system than silicon based chips. Moreover, cells are self-powered, super energy efficient micro processors, hundred years ahead of Intel processors.

Can’t wait for the day when we will be able to use C# to program DNA:

protected void CancerCell_Found(object body, CellEventArgs e) { this.Attack(e.TargetCell); }

Here’s my presentation slide. Nothing NDA or DNA in this, feel free to distribute.

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Prevent ASP.NET cookies from being sent on every css, js, image request

ASP.NET generates some large cookies if you are using ASP.NET membership provider. Especially if you are using the Anonymous provider, then a typical site will send the following cookies to every request when a user is logged in, whether the request is to a dynamic page or to any static resource:

.DBANON=w3kYczsH8Wvzs6MgryS4JYEF0N-8ZR6aLRSTU9KwVaGaydD6WwUHD7X9tN8vBgjgzKf3r3SJHusTYFjU85y
YfnunyCeuExcZs895JK9Fk1HS68ksGwm3QpxnRZvpDBAfJKEUKee2OTlND0gi43qwwtIPLeY1;
ASP.NET_SessionId=bmnbp155wilotk45gjhitoqg; DBAUTH12=2A848A8C200CB0E8E05C6EBA8059A0DBA228FC5F6EDD29401C249D2
37812344C15B3C5C57D6B776037FAA8F14017880E57BDC14A7963C58B0A0B30229
AF0123A6DF56601D814E75525E7DCA9AD4A0EF200832B39A1F35A5111092F0805B
0A8CD3D2FD5E3AB6176893D86AFBEB68F7EA42BE61E89537DEAA3279F3B576D0C
44BA00B9FA1D9DD3EE985F37B0A5A134ADC0EA9C548D

There are 517 bytes of worthless data being sent to every css, js and images from the browser to your webserver!

You might think 517 bytes is peanut. Do the math:

  • Avg page has 40 requests to server. 40 x 517 bytes = 20 KB per page view.
  • 1M page views = 20 GB
  • That’s 20GB of data getting uploaded to your server for just 1M page views. It does not take millions of users to produce 1M page views. Around 100k+ users using your site every day can produce 1M page views every day.

Here’s how to prevent this:

  • Setup a new website and map a different subdomain to it. If your main site is www.yoursite.com then map static.yoursite.com to it.
  • Manually change all the <link>, <script>, <img> css url(…) and prefix each resource with http://static.yoursite.com
  • If you don’t want to do it manually, use this solution I have done before.
  • Add a Global.asax and in the EndRequest do this trick:
    HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current;
    if (context.Request.Url.ToString.StartsWith("http://static.yoursite.com")
    {
      List<string> cookiesToClear = new List<string>();
      foreach (string cookieName in context.Request.Cookies)
      {
        HttpCookie cookie = context.Request.Cookies[cookieName];
        cookiesToClear.Add(cookie.Name);
      }
    
      foreach (string name in cookiesToClear)
      {
        HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie(name, string.Empty);
        cookie.Expires = DateTime.Today.AddYears(-1);
    
        context.Response.Cookies.Set(cookie);
      }
    }

    This code reads all the cookies it receives from request and expires them so that browser does not send those cookies again. If by any chance ASP.NET cookies get injected into the static.yoursite.com domain, this code will take care of removing them.

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Tweaking WCF to build highly scalable async REST API

At 9 AM in the morning, during the peak traffic for your business, you get an emergency call that the website you built is no more. It’s not responding to any request. Some people can see some page after waiting for long time but most can’t. So, you think it must be some slow query or the database might need some tuning. You do the regular checks like looking at CPU and Disk on database server. You find nothing is wrong there. Then you suspect it must be webserver running slow. So, you check CPU and Disk on webservers. You find no problem there either. Both web servers and database servers have very low CPU and Disk usage. Then you suspect it must be the network. So, you try a large file copy from webserver to database server and vice versa. Nope, file copies perfectly fine, network has no problem. You also quickly check RAM usage on all servers but find RAM usage is perfectly fine. As the last resort, you run some diagnostics on Load Balancer, Firewall, and Switches but find everything to be in good shape. But your website is down. Looking at the performance counters on the webserver, you see a lot of requests getting queued, and there’s very high request execution time, and request wait time.

image001

So, you do an IIS restart. Your websites comes back online for couple of minutes and then it goes down again. After doing restart several times you realize it’s not an infrastructure issue. You have some scalability issue in your code. All the good things you have read about scalability and thought that those were fairy tales and they will never happen to you is now happening right in front of you. You realize you should have made your services async.

However, just converting your sync services to async mode does not solve the scalability problem. WCF has a bug due to which it cannot serve requests as fast as you would like it to. The thread pool it uses to handle the async calls cannot start threads as requests come in. It only adds a new thread to the pool every 500ms. As a result, you get slow rampup of threads:

image018

Read my article to learn details on how WCF works for async services and how to fix this bug to make your async services truly async and scale under heavy load.

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/webservices/fixwcf_for_restapi.aspx

Don’t forget to vote.

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